Final answer:
By the 1600s, various phenomena spread throughout Europe due to the consolidation of monarchies, expansion of trade, and the powerful role of the Christian Church. The aftermath of the Bubonic Plague also paved the way for economic and social developments that contributed to this spread.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 17th century in Europe was marked by a proliferation of intellectual ideas and the consolidation of monarchies which brought about unity despite the territorial and religious wars. Economic expansion contributed significantly to the spread of different phenomena across Europe.
This was facilitated by extensive trade routes, both the new oceanic routes discovered by nations such as Portugal and the broad routes through the Ottoman Empire that opened more trade with Asian countries, augmenting European presence globally. The Christian Church played a vital role as well, remaining a powerful institution that preserved knowledge through monasteries.
The Bubonic Plague or Black Death, which killed about one-third of Europe's population, left lasting impacts. The disease decimated populations but also ended up weakening the medieval feudal system, making room for economic markets and the rise of capitalism.
The rejuvenation of society following these pandemics supported the recovery and spread of various cultural, intellectual, and religious phenomena by the 1600s, setting the stage for modern Europe. Trade and colonization led to the exploitation of natural resources and the spread of diseases, which significantly affected indigenous populations around the world.
This was part of the broader process whereby European powers established a global presence, facilitated by the exploits of countries like England, Spain, and France.