Final answer:
One gene, SLC1A5, contributes to the formation of the ASCT2 transporter through the process of transcription of DNA to mRNA, and translation of mRNA to protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the central dogma of biology, genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to proteins. For the formation of the ASCT2 transporter, one gene is responsible, which is named SLC1A5. This gene specifies the sequence of mRNA, which then specifies the sequence of the ASCT2 protein. The process begins with the transcription of the DNA segment of the SLC1A5 gene into mRNA, followed by the translation of this mRNA into the amino acid sequence of the protein, which takes place in the ribosomes with the help of tRNAs and various enzymes.