Final answer:
Colostomy is the process of creating an opening into the colon, often used as a treatment for conditions like colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy is a key procedure for both diagnosing and removing precancerous polyps, and screening is recommended for those over 50 years old. Alternatives to colonoscopy include sigmoidoscopy and virtual colonoscopy but may require follow-up with a traditional colonoscopy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Colostomy refers to the surgical procedure involving the creation of an opening into the colon. It is performed for various reasons including bowel obstruction, injuries, or to treat diseases such as colorectal cancer. In cases where a fecal pouch can be crafted from the small intestine, it is sutured to the anus. However, if this is not feasible, an ileostomy can be created. This involves bringing the distal ileum through the abdominal wall, allowing the watery chyme to be collected in an adhesive bag-like appliance.
Colon cancer prevention often involves identifying and removing benign mucosal growths called polyps before they become malignant. Colonoscopy is the gold standard in this aspect, not only diagnosing but also providing therapeutic removal of these polyps during the procedure. Regular screening is crucial, especially for those over the age of 50 with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Alternatives to colonoscopy include sigmoidoscopies that enable physicians to inspect the rectum and lower third of the colon. However, these methods cannot examine the entire colon. Virtual colonoscopy using a CT scan can create detailed cross-sectional images for the study of the colon. Nevertheless, if abnormalities are found, a traditional colonoscopy is required for direct examination and potential polyp removal. Screening methods also include fecal occult blood tests and even analyzing DNA from cancer cells within stool samples. These screenings aim to detect colorectal cancer early when it is more treatable.