Question

6) A nurse suspects that an older adult may have a fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Which assessment BEST reflects fluid and electrolyte balance in an older adult?

1. Intake and output results
2. Serum laboratory values
3. Condition of the skin
4. Presence of tenting

Answer 1

Serum laboratory values best reflect fluid and electrolyte balance in an older adult, providing information on electrolytes and markers of kidney function (2). Urine osmolality tests are also important in assessing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine.

Step-by-step explanation:

The assessment that best reflects fluid and electrolyte balance in an older adult is serum laboratory values. Serum laboratory tests are comprehensive, providing data on various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and others, as well as important clinical markers like creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, which are indicative of kidney function.

Additionally, urine osmolality tests can provide crucial insight into a patient's state of hydration and kidney's ability to concentrate urine, a pivotal aspect of fluid and electrolyte balance. Understanding water and electrolyte homeostasis is essential as it directly relates to kidney function and the regulation mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin system, where hormones like aldosterone and others play key roles in maintaining balance.