Final answer:
Biologist Dr. Milton Diamond challenged the impact of nurture, suggesting that nature played a crucial role in our sexual identity during the nature vs. nurture debate of the 1960s and 1970s. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nature vs. Nurture in Sexual Identity Research:
During the nature vs. nurture debate in the 1960s and 1970s, a prominent researcher who challenged the impact of nurture by suggesting that nature was a crucial part of our sexual identity was biologist Dr. Milton Diamond. While sociologist Dr. Michel Foucault provided influential thoughts on the social construction of sexuality, and psychologist Dr. John Money had theories on psychosexual development that emphasized the role of socialization, it was Diamond who argued more heavily for the role of biological factors in determining sexual identity. Notably, sexologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey also contributed significantly to this field by proposing that sexuality existed on a continuum rather than a binary system; however, his work is more often associated with the observation and documentation of sexual behavior rather than a direct emphasis on the biological basis of sexual identity.
In discussions around the nature vs. nurture debate, Kinsey's research has been crucial for understanding human sexuality, and Dr. Money's work on the social aspects of gender identity also provides significant insights into the nurture aspect. However, the question specifically refers to a researcher who challenged the supposed impact of nurture in favor of biological determinants during the debate. Dr. Milton Diamond, with his biological emphasis on sexual identity, fits this description and provided a counterargument to those who primarily argued for socialization influences. Although Kinsey and Money were influential in understanding sexuality and gender, their focus leaned more toward the study of behavior and the socialization process rather than innate biological factors.