Final answer:
The criteria for independent typing according to Biklen involves autonomous typing by an individual with a disability, without physical prompts from another person. Research has shown consistency in criteria for assessing independent typing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The criteria for independent typing according to Douglas Biklen, who is well-known for his work on facilitated communication, involves the ability for an individual, often with a disability such as autism, to type or communicate without physical support or prompts from another person.
It's essential for the communication to be autonomous and to originate from the person who is typing. This ability is crucial as a communication method for those who are non-speaking or have difficulty with traditional expressive communication.
While Biklen's work has been both supported and critiqued, rigorous analyses by researchers such as Brooke et al. (2008) and Akçakaya et al. (2000) have shown findings that support the consistency and robustness of various criteria, including those related to independent typing and its assessment.