Final answer:
Factors that can alter nutrient needs and utilization include age, sex, activity level, health conditions, and pregnancy and lactation.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are several factors that can alter nutrient needs and nutrient utilization that are not built into feeding standards. Some examples include:
- Age: Nutrient needs can vary based on age. For example, infants and children have different nutrient needs compared to adults.
- Sex: Biological differences between males and females can affect nutrient needs. For instance, menstruation can lead to increased iron needs in females.
- Activity level: Physically active individuals may need more nutrients to support their energy expenditure and muscle repair.
- Health conditions: Certain conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, can affect nutrient needs and utilization.
- Pregnancy and lactation: Nutrient needs are higher during pregnancy and breastfeeding to support fetal development and milk production.