Final answer:
The Bohr effect describes how increased acidity and CO2 levels reduce hemoglobin's oxygen affinity, while the Haldane effect describes how low oxygen levels increase hemoglobin's CO2 affinity. Both effects are essential for the efficient transport of gases in the blood and are influenced by changes in pH and gas partial pressures. Karl Albert Hasselbalch and Christian Bohr helped introduce the concept of the Bohr effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Bohr effect and the Haldane effect are both phenomena that describe different aspects of hemoglobin's ability to bind and release gases. The Bohr effect refers to the phenomenon where increased CO2 concentrations and lower pH (more acidic conditions) lead to lower affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, promoting oxygen's release from hemoglobin. Conversely, a lower partial pressure of CO2 and higher pH (more basic conditions) result in higher oxygen affinity. The Haldane effect, on the other hand, describes how reduced oxygen saturation of hemoglobin increases its affinity for CO2: at low partial pressures of oxygen, hemoglobin can bind more CO2, facilitating its transport.
It is noteworthy that Karl Albert Hasselbalch and Christian Bohr introduced the Bohr effect concept, which is closely tied to blood pH measurement and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The Haldane effect emphasizes the role of deoxygenation in CO2 transport, illustrating oxygen and CO2 transport are intertwined processes affected by different factors, including partial pressure of gases and pH of the blood.