Final answer:
Albinism is a genetic disorder caused by the inability to produce melanin, leading to pale skin, light hair, and vision problems, with increased sensitivity to UV light and a higher skin cancer risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
A congenital failure of the skin to form melanin pigment is known as albinism. Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This condition occurs due to a defect that prevents melanocytes from producing melanin, which is essential for pigmentation and protection against UV radiation. Individuals with albinism typically have very pale skin, white or light hair, and may experience vision problems and increased sensitivity to light. They are also at a higher risk of developing sunburns and skin cancer since melanin provides a protection layer against harmful UV exposure.
Treatment and Management of Albinism
Treatment for albinism primarily focuses on managing symptoms. Protective measures to limit UV light exposure, such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, are essential. Careful eye protection and regular eye examinations can help manage light sensitivity and vision issues associated with the lack of pigmentation on the retinal wall. It is necessary to understand that genetic counseling could be beneficial for families with a history of albinism.