Final answer:
Japan is the country mentioned in the documentary Sugar Coated that has implemented a tax targeting obesity. This tax is part of Japan's efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity and its related health issues by enforcing waistline measurements and corporate penalties for non-compliance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that has implemented a tax on obesity as described in the documentary Sugar Coated is Japan. Japan has taken proactive measures to combat obesity rates and has done so through the implementation of a tax that targets obesity. While the documentary may highlight various approaches world regions are employing to deal with the obesity crisis, it is Japan that has famously implemented policies that directly address obesity among its population, such as waistline measurements and fines for corporations if their employees exceed government-specified weight limits.
The rise of obesity in high-income countries is linked to a number of diseases and health complications. These include cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and some cancers, which not only diminish quality of life but also significantly increase public health costs. The rise can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the availability of processed food, changing dietary preferences towards higher calorie intake from fats and proteins, and the relative affordability of high-calorie foods compared to healthier options.