Final answer:
The nerves responsible for detecting heat, pressure, pain, heat, and cold are somatosensory receptors, which include thermoreceptors that sense temperature and nociceptors that sense painful stimuli.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerves that respond to heat, pressure, pain, heat, and cold are collectively known as somatosensory receptors. Among these are thermoreceptors and nociceptors. Thermoreceptors detect variations in temperature; some are sensitive exclusively to cold while others to heat. They are located in various body parts, including the dermis, skeletal muscles, liver, and hypothalamus. These receptors send signals through the spinal cord, thalamus, and ultimately to the primary somatosensory cortex in the brain. Nociceptors are responsible for the sensation of pain and may respond to mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli that could potentially damage tissues. These free nerve endings are present in the skin and around the body, making them crucial for our sense of touch and our ability to perceive potential threats in our environment.