Final answer:
Water is called the universal solvent due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many polar and ionic compounds. This property is important for transporting and reacting substances in living organisms. Monitoring water is crucial for maintaining ecosystem and human health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Water is called the universal solvent because it is a polar molecule with a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to interact with other water molecules, as well as with other polar compounds and ions, through dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions. These interactions enable water to dissolve many polar and ionic compounds, making it an excellent solvent.
The property of water being a universal solvent is important because it allows for the transportation and chemical reactions of substances within living organisms. In biological systems, water acts as a medium for various biochemical reactions, facilitates nutrient absorption and waste removal, and helps maintain cellular structures and functions. Monitoring water quality is therefore crucial in ensuring the health and sustainability of ecosystems and human populations.