Final answer:
Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange in plants. They open to allow carbon dioxide and oxygen in for photosynthesis and respiration, but also allow for the loss of water vapor. Plants must balance efficient photosynthesis and water loss through the regulation of stomata.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange in plants. They are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells which control their opening and closing. Stomata open to allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and respiration, but they also allow for the loss of water vapor through transpiration. Plants must maintain a balance between efficient photosynthesis and water loss through the regulation of stomata.