Final answer:
The provided passage relates to the historical and biblical account of Saul being anointed as the first king of Israel by Samuel in response to the threat from the Philistines around 1030 BCE, with Saul later succeeded by David, who established Jerusalem as the capital.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage provided describes the anointing of Saul by Samuel, marking Saul as the first king of Israel around 1030 BCE. This act of anointing was significant, symbolizing the divine approval and legitimization of a king's rule over the Hebrew people in the ancient kingdom of Israel.
As the passage suggests, the transition from the period of Judges to a monarchy was a response to threats from various groups, notably the Philistines. Saul's reign eventually led to the rule of King David, who succeeded Saul and established Israel as a more defined and somewhat centralized kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital.
This biblical narrative is found in the books of 1 and 2 Samuel, which also include the accounts of Samuel's and Saul's victories over the Philistines and other enemies of Israel, illustrating the militancy of the time and the role of divine intervention as perceived by the ancient Hebrews.