Final answer:
Two-factor authentication example from the choices given is requiring a user to provide a password along with a smart card. It combines something the user knows (password) with something they have (smart card), enhancing security significantly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process in which users provide two different authentication factors to verify themselves. This method is an effective way to increase security for individual accounts by adding an additional layer of protection beyond just a password.In the question provided, the example of two-factor authentication is a. requiring a user to provide a password along with a smart card to access an EHR (Electronic Health Record). Here, two different factors are at play - something the user knows (a password) and something the user has (a smart card).
Meanwhile, the other options, such as a physician having more access than an administrative user, enforcing complexity requirements for passwords, or biometric authentication alone, do not constitute examples of two-factor authentication. The essence of 2FA is the use of two distinct forms of identification before access is granted.
For individuals, using 2FA can greatly reduce the risk of unauthorized access. Companies and governments may also promote 2FA in order to ensure that their websites and systems are better protected against unauthorized access.