Final answer:
Plants trap solar energy and form sugars through photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. The energy is stored in the covalent bonds of sugar molecules, vital for life on Earth and representing ancient solar energy in fossil fuels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Photosynthesis: The Process of Capturing Solar Energy:
Plants trap solar energy through a process called photosynthesis. It is a biological process that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical compounds known as carbohydrates. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs sunlight, which energizes electrons. These energized electrons are then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. The energy is stored in the covalent bonds of sugar molecules, providing a stable form of chemical energy that can be used by the plant and other organisms.
The importance of photosynthesis extends far beyond plants; it is essential to all life on earth. The process not only produces oxygen, necessary for many living organisms, but also the carbohydrates that serve as an energy source for a vast array of life forms. Additionally, the stored energy in fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum is the result of photosynthesis from millions of years ago, showcasing the long-lasting stability of energy stored in covalent bonds.