Final answer:
The correct statement about point-to-point interfaces is that its direct linkages can provide secure transmission. Additionally, refraction is useful in fiber optic cables as it allows light to travel through the cable with minimal loss. Refraction occurs when a wave changes direction while passing from one medium to another.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the choices given regarding the point-to-point interface method, the statement that is true is c. Its direct linkages can provide secure transmission. Unlike methods that involve routing data through a centralized location, point-to-point connections establish a direct pathway between two endpoints. This exclusive channel can enhance the security and integrity of the data being transmitted, as there are fewer opportunities for interception or disruption compared to networks with multiple intermediary nodes. Traditionally, point-to-point links were commonly used in networks before the advent of more complex network topologies that require routing.
As for the statement in question 12, b. True is the correct answer. Refraction is indeed useful in fiber optic cables for transmitting signals. This phenomenon occurs when light passes from one material to another and changes direction due to a difference in the speed of light in those materials. In fiber optics, refraction is exploited to keep the light contained within the core of the fiber, enabling the transmission of data over long distances with minimal loss.
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium to another and bends due to the difference in speeds within those media. It is a fundamental concept in physics and is integral to various technologies, including lenses, prisms, and indeed fiber optics.