Final answer:
An upcoming deadline and an increase in workload can negatively impact performance, while an increase in compensation generally boosts motivation and performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the factors that have been shown to adversely affect performance, an upcoming deadline and an increase in workload are commonly recognized stressors. These can lead to increased pressure and anxiety, which can, in turn, impair focus, efficiency, and overall work quality. On the other hand, an increase in compensation is typically seen as a motivator rather than a detriment to performance. However, this can depend on the context and the manner in which the compensation increase is implemented. Therefore, the correct answer to the question would be 'd. a and b'.