Final answer:
The Philistines and Israel stood with a valley between them as they prepared for battle, as described in biblical texts during the time of King Saul and King David.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question references a historical event between the Philistines and Israel described in biblical texts. As both groups prepared for battle, they each stood on opposing mountains, with a valley between them. This geographical setting is most famously noted in the story of David and Goliath, where the Israelites faced the Philistine army across such a valley, often interpreted as the Valley of Elah. During the reigns of King Saul, King David, and King Solomon - known as the united monarchy period - the Hebrews transformed from a tribal confederation into a centralized kingdom, notably engaging in various conflicts with the Philistines, who were a significant Canaanite power at the time.