Final answer:
McClelland's motivation theory identifies three main desires that drive individuals: achievement, affiliation, and power, each reflecting different types of social motives, unlike hygiene or micromanagement factors which are not part of McClelland's framework. This theory differs from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Bandura's concept of self-efficacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
McClelland's Motivation Theory
According to McClelland's motivation theory, there are three primary desires that motivate individuals: achievement (accomplishment), affiliation (feeling part of a group), and power (influence or control over others). Unlike the hygiene, micromanagement, and control factors, which are not part of McClelland's theory, his concept aligns more closely with psychological approaches to understanding motivation. For instance, the need for achievement is characterized by a drive for success and excellence in tasks. Individuals with a high need for achievement set challenging goals and take calculated risks. The need for affiliation reflects a desire to form close relationships and be an active part of a group. People with a high need for affiliation seek social approval and are cooperative. Lastly, the need for power involves an individual's desire to make an impact on others, influence their behavior, and be in a position of authority.
These social motives are distinct from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which details a range of motivations from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, and from Bandura's concept of self-efficacy, which emphasizes an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.