Final answer:
The process of focusing on mutual gains and problems, rather than personal differences, in negotiation is known as principled negotiation. It is a strategy that encourages compromise and consensus in complex political situations, where parties may need to moderate their wants to reach a broadly acceptable solution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Principled Negotiation The process in which negotiators aim for mutual gain, emphasizing the need to focus on the problem instead of personal differences and on mutually beneficial outcomes is known as principled negotiation. This approach is contrasted with strategies that may involve hard negotiation, where parties are primarily concerned with their own victory, or soft negotiation, where one may be too eager to preserve personal relationships at the expense of their interests. Political negotiations are often complex and require a mix of strategic approaches, including compromise. In such negotiations, parties may have to moderate their wants to reach a mutually acceptable compromise, especially when they generally agree on the overall goals but differ on specifics.Compromise is most likely to occur when conflict resolution necessitates it. For instance, in international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, differing goals might be reconciled through compromise to achieve a collective aim that partially satisfies all involved parties. Yet, reaching a consensus in situations with diametrically opposed goals, like wanting to raise or lower taxes, can lead to a stalemate where the status quo is maintained. Successful negotiation requires good faith and an ability to coordinate despite potential disagreements over resource allocation and values. Ultimately, through negotiation tactics, disagreements in political and social contexts are addressed with the hope of finding a resolution that satisfies involved parties at least to some extent.