Final answer:
Force-field analysis is a tool used in group decision-making to evaluate the forces for and against a change by weighing and summing factors. Cost Benefit Analysis is a similar technique assessing the financial pros and cons of a decision. To mitigate groupthink and group polarization, strategies like private voting and thorough cost-benefit analysis are recommended.
Step-by-step explanation:
The group decision-making tool designed to analyze the forces favoring and opposing a particular change is known as Force-field analysis. This management technique involves weighing different factors to determine if a change is feasible. Factors that promote change are listed and assigned a weight on one side, and those resisting change are listed and weighed on the other. The weighted factors are then summed to understand the overall balance of forces and inform the decision-making process.
A similar tool, the Cost Benefit Analysis, is used to evaluate the financial implications of decisions. It features a T-shaped chart where costs are placed on one side and benefits on the other, assigning value to aspects that may not be easily quantifiable, and helps clarify the decision by comparing the sacrifice and gain dimensions.
Group decision-making can be complicated by phenomena such as groupthink and group polarization. To avoid these, employing strategies like seeking outside opinions, voting in private, and weighing costs and benefits is essential. It’s important also to consider how cultures embrace change, as analyzed by anthropologists, and to analyze complex problems using a method like Ceteris paribus, which allows the examination of one factor at a time.