Final answer:
The document for a penetration test described is the Statement of Work (SOW), which sets out the work scope, timeline, and other key details of the engagement, and is an essential part of the planning phase.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document being described is known as a Statement of Work (SOW) for a penetration testing engagement. A SOW is critical as it legally binds the service provider and client, setting clear expectations for what activities will be performed, the timeline, deliverables, costs, and terms and conditions. During the planning and scoping phase of a penetration test, the SOW is established to outline methodologies, tools, and testing techniques that will be utilized. Specific to penetration testing, it also details the techniques and tools that are authorized for the engagement, reducing the risk of misunderstandings or legal issues post-engagement.
The engagement document also serves as a project plan, often supplementing a Master Services Agreement (MSA), which contains more general terms of service between the two parties. An SOW is an integral part of ensuring the penetration test is executed effectively, aligning client expectations with the service provided, and preventing scope creep. Establishing a clear SOW helps in delivering a successful and legally sound penetration test.