Final answer:
Hackers often create fake websites and captive portals to steal login credentials, leading to potential identity theft and access to sensitive information. Governments and cybercriminals employ such tactics for cyber warfare, intelligence theft, and spreading disinformation, making cybersecurity awareness vital.
Step-by-step explanation:
With the advent of digital technology and the increase in online interaction, hackers have developed sophisticated techniques to infiltrate networks, steal sensitive information, and engage in cyber espionage. One common method employed by malicious actors is the creation of fake websites that mimic legitimate ones, designed to capture victims' usernames and passwords. This form of cyber attack is particularly prevalent in the context of public Wi-Fi networks where users are required to interact with a captive portal to gain internet access.
These fake portals are established with the intent to deceive users into submitting their login credentials, believing they are accessing a legitimate service. Once a user inputs their information, it is captured by the attacker who can then potentially access the user's personal accounts, sensitive data, or even commit identity theft. The Pew Research Center has reported a marked increase in internet users' concerns over online privacy, making the knowledge of these security threats more important than ever.
Beyond individual cases, governments and militant groups have been known to use cyber attacks for various purposes, including but not limited to, stealing secret intelligence, disrupting communications, and spreading disinformation. Whether it's high-profile breaches like the iCloud leaks or infiltration of governmental systems, these incidents highlight the need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect both personal and national interests. As users, being aware of the risks and understanding how to identify and avoid malicious portals is crucial for maintaining online security.