Final answer:
The altitude at which Polaris would be observed from 23 degrees North latitude is 23 degrees above the horizon, which corresponds to the latitude of the observer.c is correct option.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a person is standing directly on 23 degrees North latitude, the altitude at which they would observe Polaris, the North Star, after nightfall would be 23 degrees above the horizon. This is because the altitude of the North Celestial Pole (which is where Polaris is located) is approximately equal to the latitude of the observer. So, an observer stationed at the 23 degrees North latitude will see Polaris at the same angle above the horizon.
The correct interpretation of celestial observations is an essential skill in both astronomy and navigation. Knowing the relationship between one's latitude and the position of the North Star has been a key navigational tool throughout history. For observers in the Northern Hemisphere, this has allowed for the determination of latitude and orientation without the need for complex instruments.
Therefore, for the question posed, the correct answer would be: C-23 degrees.