Final answer:
The question relates to the calculation of overtime pay as per FLSA regulations, which ensures employees are paid appropriately for hours worked beyond the standard 40-hour workweek. It also ties into the concept of the poverty trap, explaining how guaranteed income levels can influence work hours and total income.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses the concept of overtime pay and how it is calculated for employees who work more than 40 hours a week. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) establishes norms including the minimum wage, restrictions on child labor, and requirements for overtime pay. When employees work over 40 hours a week, they must be paid one and one-half times their regular rate for overtime hours. This situation is used as a backdrop to explain the poverty trap, where a guaranteed income affects choices between labor and leisure, and impacts the marginal gain from working additional hours.