Final answer:
Samuel de Champlain's description refers to the much-sought-after maritime route known as the Northwest Passage, intended to provide a shorter and safer way to Asia and its rich trade opportunities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The route that Samuel de Champlain describes, which many princes strived to find to reach China by a northerly course believed to be shorter and less dangerous, is known as the Northeast Passage. This elusive maritime path sought by European explorers was intended to provide quicker access to Asia and its trade possibilities, especially after the decline of the Mongol Empire and the resulting increased risks and costs associated with overland routes such as the Silk Road.
The discovery of such a passage promised enormous wealth and political power to the European kingdom which controlled it. The route was also seen as a strategic alternative to the routes dominated by Venetians and other Italian states that profited from the spice trade.