Final answer:
The important principle in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is that behaviors are influenced by reinforcements or punishments that follow them, with positive reinforcements likely increasing desired behaviors and punishments decreasing unwanted behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The important principle in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is that behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it. This means that behaviors followed by positive reinforcements will likely increase, and those followed by punishments or negative reinforcements will likely decrease. For instance, in a workplace setting, receiving payment acts as a reinforcement for showing up for work. If the payment stops, the behavior of attending work is less likely to continue, even if one enjoys the job. Underlying Skinner's idea of operant conditioning is Thorndike's law of effect, suggesting that behaviors leading to a satisfying outcome are more likely to be repeated, while those leading to an unpleasant outcome are less likely.
Skinner's operant conditioning further involves the use of an apparatus known as the Skinner box, where animals like rats or pigeons learn to associate certain behaviors, like pressing a lever, with rewards such as food. This apparatus allows for a careful study and illustration of how behavior can be modified through reinforcement or punishment.
In the context of training and learning, shaping is a technique used within operant conditioning where behaviors are reinforced through successive approximations towards the desired behavior. This method helps in teaching complex behaviors that the subject would not spontaneously perform.