Final answer:
During thrill-seeking actions such as BASE jumping, the brain's fight-or-flight response triggers adrenaline release leading to a 'high' as adrenaline's effects are linked to dopamine, a neurotransmitter connected to pleasure. Healthy alternatives like aerobic exercise can produce a similar 'high' without the dangers associated with extreme sports.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an individual engages in thrill-seeking behavior like BASE jumping, a cascade of neurochemical events occurs in the brain. The perception of danger triggers the fight-or-flight response, which is a physiological reaction involving the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. This leads to the release of adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands, resulting in increased heart rate, enhanced blood flow, dilated pupils, and a surge of energy preparing the body to either confront or flee from the threat. The release of adrenaline can cause a pleasurable 'high' due to its relationship with dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and addiction. Hence, risk-taking or stressful situations boost dopamine levels which in turn can lead to a repeated desire to engage in such behaviors for the thrill, despite the danger involved.
However, it is essential to recognize that there are healthier ways to achieve a similar 'high.' Engaging in vigorous aerobic exercise like running or biking can lead to the production of endorphins by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, resulting in a 'runner's high' that is akin to the euphoria induced by adrenaline. Cognitive factors and individual choices can influence the decision to participate in activities that involve an adrenaline rush, and there are forms of stress relief that do not pose significant risks, balancing the need for excitement with personal safety.