Final answer:
The question asks for calculations of taxable wages and state income tax for a specific income but lacks necessary details. It also focuses on creating budget tables and examining the effects of welfare benefits on labor incentives, which involve understanding opportunity costs and the impact of earning income on government support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating the taxable wages and state income tax deduction for Joanna, who is single with no dependents and earns $42,400. Additionally, the question entails creating budget tables and analyzing the impact of welfare benefits on work incentives for individuals in different scenarios, applying knowledge of basic income, government support, and labor economics.
Calculations for taxable income or state taxes would require additional information such as the state's tax rate, available deductions, exemptions, and Joanna's specific tax situation. Creating budget tables and analyzing work incentives would require applying the effects of earned income on government support, and understanding the opportunity costs associated with various levels of work and income.
Real-life situations like that of Susan, a single mother, and Jonathan, a single father, highlight the trade-offs between earning income and receiving government benefits, which can affect their overall income and the incentives they have to work more hours.