Final answer:
The Self-Discrepancy Theory by Edward Higgins describes the emotional consequences arising from discrepancies between an individual's actual, ideal, and ought selves. Feelings of disappointment and low self-esteem can result from actual-ideal discrepancies, while guilt or anxiety may stem from actual-ought discrepancies. The theory implies that lessening these discrepancies can enhance emotional well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Self-Discrepancy Theory, The Self-Discrepancy Theory is a psychological concept that was developed by Edward Higgins. It explores the dynamics between various self-states and the emotions that arise from the incongruence among these self-states.
Specifically, the theory posits that individuals hold beliefs about their actual selves, their ideal selves (the self they would like to be), and their ought selves (the self they believe they should be, often due to societal or cultural expectations). When there is a discrepancy between an individual's actual self and ideal or ought selves, emotional distress can occur.
For example, if there's a significant difference between someone's actual self and their ideal self, they might experience feelings of disappointment or low self-esteem. On the other hand, if the difference is between the actual self and the ought self, feelings of guilt or anxiety might be more prevalent.
Higgins' theory emphasizes that the nature of the emotions experienced depends on the type of discrepancy. Understanding the concepts of Self-Discrepancy Theory can have important implications for mental health, as therapists might focus on resolving these discrepancies to improve their clients' well-being. The theory suggests that achieving a higher level of congruence among these self-states can lead to greater well-being and emotional stability.