Final answer:
By 1936, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had added farmers, northern African Americans, and women to the Democratic support base through the New Deal Coalition.
Step-by-step explanation:
By 1936, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) had effectively expanded the Democratic Party's base of support to include a diverse coalition that spanned various demographics, particularly those most affected by the Great Depression. This New Deal Coalition incorporated groups such as farmers, urban ethnic minorities, and especially northern African Americans who increasingly transitioned their support from the Republican to the Democratic Party, in part due to federal job programs that promised equal wages regardless of race. Women also formed an integral part of this coalition, motivated by the tentative support for equality in the labor market and the positioning of women in leadership roles within the New Deal initiatives.
African Americans, in particular, began to shift their loyalty due to Roosevelt's partial support for civil rights and the implementation of New Deal programs that offered employment opportunities, albeit limited for Southern African Americans due to the preservation of segregation and discrimination by white Southerners. Additionally, the administration's stance on federal investment in education and the welfare state garnered support from liberals and intellectuals. While the New Deal Coalition was a powerful political force, it did not eliminate the existing divisions over race, ethnicity, religion, region, or social class, which persisted and occasionally threatened the unity of the Democratic Party.