Question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding aspiration in critically ill children?

1: The incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine due to a lack of good clinical research
2: Increased gastric residuals are directly related to increased risk for aspiration
3: Children have strong coordination of pharyngeal muscles, making aspiration less likely than in adults
4: Children have strong cough reflex which helps protect them from aspiration

Answer 1

The correct statement is that the incidence of aspiration from enteral nutrition in critically ill children is difficult to assess due to limited research (1). Aspiration occurs during swallowing and is a higher risk in children compared to adults.

Step-by-step explanation:

The true statement regarding aspiration in critically ill children is that the incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine due to a lack of good clinical research. Aspiration can occur during the swallowing process, which is when there is a risk of food entering respiratory pathways. This risk is typically blocked by the coordination of the nervous system managing digestive and respiratory activities. However, it's important to note that young children have a higher risk of choking due to factors such as placing objects in their mouths and potentially weakened coordination and muscle development.

Gastroenteritis is more common in children than adults, and repeated incidents can contribute to malnutrition and developmental issues. Malnutrition, in turn, can weaken the immune system, which increases susceptibility to infectious diseases like pneumonia and diarrheal diseases — leading causes of mortality in children under five. Adequate nutrition, safe water, and food, as well as quality care by trained healthcare providers, are crucial for preventing and treating these conditions in children.