Final answer:
Patients receiving HPN who are part of support groups generally experience a higher quality of life and possibly fewer hospital readmissions, due to the positive impact of social support on health outcomes. The correct options are 2 and 3.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) who belong to a support group are shown to experience several positive effects. Research indicates that social support is a significant factor affecting health outcomes and can influence recovery and well-being for patients. For instance, individuals with stronger social relationships have a demonstrably greater likelihood of survival following various health challenges.
Although the question mentions four possible outcomes, based on the provided references and studies, the most supported outcome for patients participating in support groups would likely be a significantly higher quality of life (QOL) and potentially fewer hospital readmissions. These benefits are consistent with the broader literature on the positive effects of social support for individuals with health conditions.