Question

Glucose and galactose gain access to enterocytes via

1: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
2: glucokinase.
3: enterokinase.
4: sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT-1)

Answer 1

Glucose and galactose are transported into enterocytes via active transport involving a carrier protein. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells by triggering the movement of glucose transporter vesicles to the cell membrane.

Step-by-step explanation:

Glucose and galactose are transported into enterocytes (intestinal cells) through a process called active transport. This process involves a carrier protein called SGLT-1 (sodium-glucose transporter 1) that binds to both the sugar molecule and sodium ions. The carrier protein moves into the cell, releasing the sugar and sodium ions into the cytoplasm. Glucose then diffuses into the blood through the cell membrane. Galactose is absorbed in a similar manner as glucose.

Insulin, on the other hand, facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells by activating a receptor and triggering a series of biochemical reactions. These reactions result in the movement of glucose transporter vesicles to the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell through facilitated diffusion.