Final answer:
In the latter part of the 19th century, Europe's future dominance was uncertain, yet it would see challenges to its power in the 20th century with the rise of other global powers like the US, Russia, and Japan. German unification bolstered its position as a European power and industries flourished.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the latter part of the 19th century, it was not clear that Europe was going to become Europe’s dominant industrial and economic power in the next 100 years. Nations were engaged in political transformations and economic industrialization, which led to peace on the continental front as countries focused inward to strengthen their domestic structures. However, by the early part of the 20th century, a rapid change occurred, and Europe’s dominance was challenged due to powerful states competing, and others resisting European domination.
This period witnessed the rise of the United States, Russia, and Japan with stronger economies. The growth of these economies, coupled with significant technological advancements and urban migration, began to shift the global balance of power. Despite Europe's extensive colonization efforts and its significant share of the global Gross Domestic Product, there was a growing unease about its declining influence in a competitive world.
German unification had a profound effect, establishing the country as an industrial leader and contender in global politics. However, internal advancements did not prevent competition over colonies or the foreshadowing of future conflicts, such as the World Wars and the Cold War, leaving Europe in a precarious position. Although there were advancements and growth, by the mid-20th century, the seeds of Europe's diminished control were already present. Europeans to this day remain wary of the possibility of renewed domination or division within the continent, conscious of their turbulent history.