Final answer:
Game meat may spoil due to microbial growth, enzyme activity, oxidation, or temperature abuse. Smoking meat and adding nitrites are preservation methods that inhibit bacteria and extend shelf life. Freezer burn affects the appearance of frozen foods without indicating spoilage.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are various factors that can cause game meat to spoil, which revolve around microbial growth and enzyme activity. Spoilage could be due to a variety of causes, such as improper handling, failure to preserve the meat at the right temperature, and exposure to oxygen and moisture, which fosters the growth of bacteria, molds, fungi, or yeast.
Common Causes of Meat Spoilage
- Microbial growth - Bacteria, molds, fungi, or yeast that develop on meat under certain conditions can cause spoilage.
- Enzymatic action - Endogenous enzymes in the meat can lead to decomposition and spoilage if not properly managed by freezing or cooking.
- Oxidation - Exposure to oxygen can lead to rancidity, especially in fatty areas of the meat, altering flavor and texture.
- Temperature abuse - Failing to maintain meat at the correct temperature could result in accelerated spoilage.
Methods like smoking meat extend its shelf life by reducing moisture content and adding preservative compounds that inhibit bacterial growth. Similarly, additives such as nitrites are used to prevent the germination of bacteria and maintain color in processed meats, although their use needs to be carefully managed due to health considerations. Furthermore, freezer burn can occur when water sublimes from frozen foods, and while it is not necessarily an indication of spoilage, it can make the food less appetizing.