Final answer:
RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and miRNA, are all crucial for the process of protein synthesis, with each serving specific roles from the transcription of genetic information to the translation and assembly of proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that RNA molecules are needed for protein synthesis is true. In the process of protein synthesis, different types of RNA perform specific functions. mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single-stranded transcript of DNA carrying the genetic information that serves as the code for protein synthesis. tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers specific amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain in the sequence specified by the mRNA during translation. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place. Moreover, miRNA (microRNA) plays a role in regulating the expression of mRNA strands, influencing the protein production process.
The intricacies of protein synthesis involve the transition from DNA transcription to RNA and eventually to the formation of proteins. During transcription within the nucleus, mRNA is synthesized based on the DNA template. Then, mRNA departs the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm to engage with ribosomes. Here, the coded messages within mRNA guide the assembly of amino acids into proteins—a stage known as translation. Essentially, mRNA serves as a messenger molecule, while tRNA and rRNA are instrumental in fulfilling the instructions encoded in the mRNA for protein synthesis.