Final answer:
The name used for looking at the header information sent with data to find out what operating system a host is running is called banner grabbing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is B. Banner grabbing. Banner grabbing is a technique used to gather information about a target computer system or network.
It involves examining the banner or header information sent with data to determine what operating system a host is running. By analyzing the banner, an attacker can gain valuable insights about the target system and tailor their attack accordingly.
The name used for looking at the header information sent with data to determine what operating system a host is running is called banner grabbing.
This technique is employed by network administrators for legitimate purposes and by attackers to identify network vulnerabilities.
Banner grabbing involves capturing the information (the 'banner') that a server or service transmits when establishing a connection. This information can often reveal the make and model of the server software, and sometimes the operating system running on the host.
While port scanning is a method used to discover open ports and services on a host, and a transitive attack leverages trust relationships within a network to permit attacks on indirect hosts, they are unrelated to identifying operating systems.
Vishing is a form of social engineering that involves voice communication, and it's not related to this technical process.