Final answer:
The demand for reform of Parliament in 1828-1830 was driven by the outdated electoral system, the growth of the urban middle class, and the social and economic tensions caused by the Industrial Revolution, leading to significant political changes including the Great Reform Act of 1832 and the rise of the Chartist movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The demand for the reform of Parliament in the years 1828-1830 stemmed from a variety of societal forces and political conflicts. During this period, Britain experienced significant changes in its social and economic structures, primarily due to the ongoing Industrial Revolution.
The outdated and unrepresentative nature of the electoral system, with issues such as the rotten boroughs and the underrepresentation of the growing urban centers, led to widespread calls for reform.
By 1830, the Whig Party, which was mainly comprised of the urban middle class with strong business interests, supported reforms to the political system that clashed with the Tory Party's interests, which were rooted in agriculture and land ownership.
The ensuing tension and the threat of revolution resulted in the passage of the Great Reform Act of 1832. This Act partially addressed these issues, expanding the electorate to most of the urban middle class and eliminating the rotten boroughs, even though it still retained property requirements for voting and land-owning nobles continued to hold significant power.
From the standpoint of rural and urban workers, the Reform Act did not go far enough, leading to the rise of the Chartist movement and their demands for more radical changes.
Over the following decades, Britain saw a gradual liberalization of its political system, including the expansion of suffrage and various social and economic reforms aimed at improving the conditions of the working class.