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Which of the following is NOT one of the following "4 P's" of innovation

1) Paradigm Shifts
2) Personalization
3) Product
4) Process

1 Answer

2 votes

Final answer:

Personalization is not one of the '4 P's' of innovation, which are Product, Process, Position, and Paradigm. The quality of a design is evaluated through product attributes and prototype testing, and an incremental design approach involves stage-wise enhancements.

Step-by-step explanation:

The '4 P's' of innovation are commonly known as Product, Process, Position, and Paradigm. The option 'Personalization' is not one of the '4 P's' of innovation. Instead, innovation involves incremental or radical changes to a product or process, often involving design enhancements or shifts in paradigms and market position.

To evaluate the quality of a design, engineers may focus on the attributes of the product and test prototypes. If testing reveals weaknesses in the design, it can lead to further improvements. The incremental design suggests that modification happens in stages, enhancing and improving the design over time. Equally important is the communication of processes and results, for which creating user manuals or posting designs online could be methods used.

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