Question

Enzymes are proteins that impact chemical reactions in cells. Which statement describes the conditions under which enzymes are most effective?

A.in a wide pH range and small temperature range
B. in a wide pH range and wide temperature range
C.in a small pH range and a wide temperature range
D. in a small pH range and a small temperature range

Answer 1

Enzymes are most effective within a narrow range of both temperature and pH, with conditions outside of these ranges leading to denaturation and decreased function.

Step-by-step explanation:

Enzymes, which are proteins, are most effective in very specific environmental conditions. These conditions typically include both a narrow temperature range and a specific pH range. Enzymes exhibit maximum activity within this optimal range where their three-dimensional structures remain intact, allowing them to bind to substrates with high specificity. Too high or low temperatures can cause enzymes to denature, meaning they lose their structure and function. Similarly, extreme pH levels, either too acidic or too basic, can also denature enzymes, affecting their catalytic activity. Based on this understanding, enzymes operate most effectively in a small pH range and a small temperature range, making the correct answer D.