Final answer:
During the medieval period, Jews lived under both Muslim and Christian rule. Under Muslim rule, they were generally respected and allowed to practice their religion. Under Christian rule, they faced discrimination and persecution.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the medieval period, Jews lived under both Muslim and Christian rule in various regions of the world. Under Muslim rule, Jews lived in areas such as the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Portugal and Spain), where they were generally respected as 'people of the book' and allowed to practice their religion.
They were also able to engage in commerce, scholarship, and other professions. Under Christian rule, Jews faced discrimination, persecution, and restrictions on their rights and freedoms in many European regions. They were often blamed for various societal issues and were subjected to violence and expulsion.