Final answer:
Piaget's concrete operational stage occurs from ages 7 to 11, during which children develop logical thinking and a grasp of numbers. The formal operational stage begins at age 11 and allows for abstract thinking and problem solving. However, Piaget's theory has limitations in terms of its stage model and applicability across individuals and cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Concrete Operational Stage:
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the concrete operational stage occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. During this stage, children are able to think logically about real (concrete) events. They develop a firm grasp of numbers and can use memory strategies. They can also perform mathematical operations and understand the concept of conservation, which means that even if something changes shape, its mass, volume, and number remain the same.
The Formal Operational Stage:
The formal operational stage is the final stage in Piaget's theory, starting around age 11 and continuing into adulthood. In this stage, individuals can think abstractly and handle hypothetical situations. They are able to use abstract thinking to problem solve, consider alternative solutions, and test these solutions. They also have the ability to think critically and engage in logical reasoning.
Limitations of Piaget's Stages:
While Piaget's theory has contributed significantly to the study of cognitive development, it does have some limitations. For example, some researchers suggest that development is more continuous rather than occurring in distinct stages. Others argue that children can reach cognitive milestones earlier than Piaget proposed. Additionally, Piaget's theory does not account for individual differences in development and the influence of cultural and environmental factors.