Final answer:
Information-processing models of human cognition describe how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved in a multistage process similar to a computer. These models highlight sensory perception, short-term memory, and long-term memory as key stages, with further organization through schemata and prototypes facilitating problem solving, language use, and other cognitive functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Major Features of Information-Processing Models in Human Cognition
The information-processing models of human cognition are akin to how a computer works and are comprised of a series of stages. Starting with sensory perception, information is received through the senses and then processed in the brain. This involves a sequence of steps: initial encoding of sensory input, storage in the form of short-term memory, and, with sufficient rehearsal, the transfer to long-term memory for permanent retention. These stages align with the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which conceptualizes memory as having a multistage process.
Cognition encompasses various high-level processes including problem solving, creativity, and the use of language. Through the development of schemata and prototypes, the brain categorizes and organizes information efficiently, enabling us to perform complex cognitive tasks such as understanding language, planning our day, or engaging in creative thought.
Key Stages in Memory According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
Sensory Memory: Captures initial sensory information.
Short-Term Memory: Holds information temporarily for analysis and either discards it or moves it to long-term memory.
Long-Term Memory: Information is stored indefinitely for future retrieval.
Overall, these models emphasize the sequential and structured nature of human cognitive processes and provide insights into how we think, perceive, and remember.