Final answer:
During the period from 1200 to 1450, Africa experienced significant political, economic, and cultural changes. The rise and fall of powerful African kingdoms, the expansion of the trans-Saharan slave trade, and the spread of Islam were three major developments during this time.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the time period from 1200 to 1450, Africa underwent significant political, economic, and cultural changes. One political change was the rise and fall of powerful African kingdoms such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhay in the West. These kingdoms were known for their wealth and control over trade routes.
One economic change was the expansion of the trans-Saharan slave trade. The demand for slaves increased, leading to the enslavement and forced migration of millions of Africans. This trade had a major impact on African societies and economies.
One cultural change was the spread of Islam in Africa. Through trade and conquest, Islam reached many parts of Africa, leading to the conversion of some African rulers and the blending of Islamic and African cultural practices.