Final answer:
The Golden Age of Spain was a period of cultural flourishing in arts and literature that started in 1492, but Spain was on the decline due to the weakened influence of the Spanish Habsburgs and economic challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Golden Age of Spain refers to a period of cultural flourishing in arts and literature in Spain during the Baroque era, from approximately 1492 to 1659. This period coincided with the political rise and decline of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. It began with the end of the Reconquista, the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the New World, and the publication of Antonio de Nebrija's Grammar of the Castilian Language.
During the Golden Age, Spain experienced advancements in various fields, such as art, literature, and exploration. Artists like Diego Velázquez and Francisco de Zurbarán emerged as influential figures in Spanish painting, contributing to a uniquely Spanish style during the Baroque era. However, Spain was on the decline during this period due to several factors. The economic and political influence of the Spanish Habsburgs weakened, leading to conflicts and wars that drained the resources of the empire. Additionally, Spain faced economic challenges, such as a lack of gold and silver, which hindered its economic growth.