Final answer:
The Phoenicians were the principal ancient traders who lived along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing extensive trade networks that contributed to the region's cultural and economic development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ancient Peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
The peoples of ancient Spain who came to the Iberian Peninsula principally for trade and lived along the Mediterranean coast were the Phoenicians. Originating from the Levant, specifically the region around what is now Lebanon, the Phoenicians began establishing trading posts and colonies as early as the end of the tenth century BCE. Their trade network was extensive and included various Mediterranean locations, from Byblos in the east to Gadir (Cadiz) and beyond. The peak of their trading activities is marked by the establishment of Carthage in 814 BCE, located in modern-day Tunisia.
As renowned maritime traders, the Phoenicians' presence on the Iberian coast facilitated a thriving trade that included the exchange of luxury goods from far-reaching locations, contributing to the cultural and economic dynamism of the region. This included bringing agricultural goods like citrus fruits, sugar, and cotton from places as far as India.
The legacy of the Phoenicians is still evident today, not only in the historical records but also through the continued influence on the cultural tapestry of the Mediterranean region. Their development of the first alphabets, mastery of sea navigation, and the spread of goods and ideas illustrate their significant role in shaping the ancient world.