Final answer:
Psychometric theories are viewed as reductionist because they simplify human cognition into numerical data, potentially overlooking the complexity of mental processes, and often embody cultural biases.
They are atomistic, focusing on parts rather than wholes, and assume that cognitive abilities can be objectively measured, ignoring subjective nuances.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychometric theories are often considered reductionist because they attempt to distill complex human behaviors, cognitive processes, and intellectual abilities into quantitative data through tests and measurements, such as IQ tests.
This approach may neglect the multifaceted and nuanced nature of human intelligence and the influence of culture, emotions, and social interactions. Moreover, psychometric testing often leans on an atomistic view, breaking down cognitive functions into smaller, discrete parts that can be individually measured.
Furthermore, the interpretation of test results can be influenced by inherent cultural biases, reinforcing certain power structures and supporting entrenched social inequalities.
Conflict theorists argue that psychometric tests do not provide equal opportunities but rather maintain an established configuration of power, perpetuating discrimination based on socioeconomic status, race, or gender.
The criticism of psychometrics also extends to their empirical underpinning; they rely on the assumption that cognitive abilities can be empirically verified and measured objectively, disregarding the intrinsic subjectivity and complexity of mental processes and experiences similar to the scrutiny of religious experiences by Freud and Durkheim.