Final answer:
The region between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia is known as the Fertile Crescent. It is characterized by its rich farmland and historical significance as one of the locations where human civilization began, in stark contrast to the Arabian Peninsula's desert landscape.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arc of land that falls between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia is commonly known as the Fertile Crescent. This region boasts an arc of rich farmland and has been crucial in the development of human civilization. Its lush terrain and availability of fresh water made it an ideal location for ancient empires and civilizations to flourish, contrasting with the larger arid and desert conditions of the surrounding Arabian Peninsula.
The name 'Fertile Crescent' comes from both its physical characteristics and historical contributions. In terms of geography, it indeed forms a crescent shape and its fertility is due to the presence of major rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates that provided water for irrigation, crop cultivation, and sustaining life. Historically, this area is where agriculture and early human settlements began to transform human societies. Furthermore, this region is steeped in history due to its connection to early Mesopotamian civilizations and biblical events.
In contrast, the Arabian Peninsula is known for its harsh desert geography, with vast areas like the 'Empty Quarter' Rub' al-Khali desert. Despite this, it has become crucial to the global economy because of its vast reserves of crude oil, especially near the Persian Gulf, which is a key route for the transportation of oil.